A novel strategy for enhancing the stability of aptamer conformations in heavy metal ion detection

Background Detection methods based on aptamer probes have great potential and progress in the field of rapid detection of heavy metal ions. However, the unstable conformation of aptamers often results in poor sensitivity due to the dissociation of aptamer-target complex in real environments. Results In this study, we developed a locking aptamer probe and combined it with AgInZnS quantum dots for the first time to detect cadmium ions. When cadmium ions are combined with the probe, the cadmium ions are fixed in the core-locking position, forming a stable cavity structure. The limit of detection (LOD) was achieved at a concentration of 6.9 nmol L−1, with a broad detection range from 10 nmol L−1 to 1000 μmol L−1, and good recovery rates (92.93%–102.8 %) were achieved in aquatic product testing. The locking aptamer probe with stable conformation effectively enhances the stability of the aptamer-target complex and remains good stability in four buffer environments as well as a 600 mmol L−1 salt solution; it also exhibits good stability at pH 6.5–7.5 and temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 35 °C. Significance Overall, our study presented a general, simple, and cost-effective strategy for stabilizing aptamer conformations, and used for highly sensitive detection of cadmium ions.