Development of a green supply chain management strategy for the aquaculture industry: the case of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) hatchery industry in Ciparay District, West Java, Indonesia

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is important in the sustainable aquaculture industry owing to environmental concerns and to achieve responsible management. However, research on GSCM in aquaculture is limited. This study aimed to develop conceptual framework and strategies for GSCM in carp hatcheries in the Ciparay District, West Java, Indonesia. The GSCM strategy was developed through the following steps: (1) observation and interviews with farmers and literature review to develop conceptual GSCM; (2) interview and questionnaire dissemination to farmers for green supply chain operational reference (SCOR) - Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) scoring to determine the performance of hatcheries that meet GSCM standards; and (3) formulation, using findings from green SCOR-AHP, of development strategies using SWOT and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analysis for GSCM strategy development. The results showed that the conceptual GSCM in the aquaculture industry accommodates environment-friendly cultivation, resource management, distribution, waste management, and biosecurity. The performance of the GSCM in carp hatcheries was marginal and required improvement. The improvement was addressed using 12 alternative strategies grouped into environmental collaboration, green manufacturing, and investment recovery. Priority strategies included forming joint farmer groups for collaboration, training programs for green manufacturing, and using fish waste as pellets for investment recovery. Strategies are expected to improve GSCM in the carp hatchery industry and related sectors.