Enhancing efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells through methoxyamine hydrochloride modified SnO2 electron transport layer

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hold promise for future photovoltaic applications due to their high performance, low cost, and simple fabrication. The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial role in PSC performance, and tin dioxide (SnO2) has gained attention as a promising ETL candidate. In this study, we investigate the use of methoxyamine hydrochloride (MOACl) as a modifier for SnO2 ETLs in PSCs. MOACl improves the film quality of SnO2, resulting in improved electrical conductivity and electron mobility. MOACl also enhances perovskite crystallization, promoting the growth of larger grain sizes and more uniform film morphology. The enhanced hydrogen bond and migration of Cl within the perovskite layer aids in optimal crystallization and significantly boosts the overall PCE of the cells from 21.67 % to 24.34 %. Moreover, MOACl-SnO2 PSCs demonstrate excellent long-term stability, retaining over 80 % of their initial efficiency after 50 days in ambient air. This work highlights the practical and effective approach of MOACl modification for controlling SnO2 defects and improving perovskite crystallization, paving the way for the development of efficient and stable PSCs.