Research on a novel tensegrity torus with superior shape adaptability

Tensegrity tori are a classical form of tensegrity structures well known for their high load-bearing capacity and self-equilibrium, which make them attractive options for constructing self-standing buildings. However, existing studies have mostly focused on the design of regular and symmetrical tori, neglecting the exploration of irregular cases and limiting the further promotion of such systems. This study proposes a new tensegrity torus with superior shape adaptability, derived from the design philosophy of Snelson’s ‘X′ tensegrity module. The potential for combination applications serving as supporting boundaries and assembly units is further explored, and several combination examples are provided to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed tensegrity torus for multi-scenario applications. Then, given the topology, a general optimization-based design approach for the tensegrity torus oriented towards supporting boundaries is developed, in which prestress determination and configuration design are incorporated and considered simultaneously, and a unified framework for the design of maximal load-bearing stiffness and minimal mass tensegrity tori is also established. Three representative examples in different application scenarios are conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed tensegrity torus and the efficiency of the optimization design. This research can provide useful reference for the practical applications of tensegrity torus structures.