Plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) and their effects on cardiometabolic health: An 8-week randomized controlled trial comparing PBMAs with their corresponding animal-based foods
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition(2024)
摘要
Background
With the growing popularity of plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs), an examination of their effects on health is warranted in an Asian population.
Objective
This research investigated the impact of consuming an omnivorous animal-based meat diet (ABMD) compared to a PBMAs diet (PBMD) on cardiometabolic health among adults with elevated risk of diabetes in Singapore.
Methods
In an 8-week parallel design randomized controlled trial, participants (n=89) were instructed to substitute habitual protein-rich foods with fixed quantities of either PBMAs (n=44) or their corresponding animal-based meats (n=45; 2.5 servings daily) maintaining intake of other dietary components. LDL-cholesterol served as primary outcome, while secondary outcomes included other cardiometabolic disease-related risk factors (e.g. glucose, fructosamine), dietary data, and within a sub-population, ambulatory blood pressure measurements (n=40) at baseline and post-intervention, as well as a 14-day continuous glucose monitor (glucose homeostasis-related outcomes; n=37).
Results
Data from 82 participants (ABMD:42, PBMD:40) were examined. Using linear mixed-effects model, there were significant interaction (time × treatment) effects for dietary trans-fat (increased in ABMD), dietary fiber, sodium and potassium (all increased in PBMD; PInteraction<0.001). There were no significant effects on the lipoprotein profile, including LDL-cholesterol. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was lower in the PBMD group (PInteraction=0.041) although the nocturnal DBP markedly increased in ABMD (+3.2% mean) and was reduced in PBMD (-2.6%; PInteraction=0.017). Fructosamine (PTime=0.035) and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function were improved at week 8 (PTime=0.006) in both groups. Glycemic homeostasis was better regulated in the ABMD than PBMD groups as evidenced by interstitial glucose time in range (ABMD median: 94.1% (Q1:87.2%, Q3:96.7%); PBMD: 86.5% (81.7%, 89.4%); P=0.041). The intervention had no significant effect on the other outcomes examined.
Conclusions
A plant-based meat analogues diet did not show widespread cardiometabolic health benefits compared with omnivorous diets over 8 weeks. The composition of PBMAs may need to be considered in future trials.
Clinical trial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
Trial registration number
NCT05446753
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关键词
animal protein,blood pressure,cardiovascular disease risk,diet,glycemia,meat,nutrients,plant-based meat analogues,plant protein,randomized controlled trial
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