A review on the technologies for sustainable biohydrogen production

Biohydrogen is the very promising and environmentally feasible fuel alternative to meet out the present day growing energy demands. Nevertheless, profuse amount of biomasses derived from various sectors are successfully being employed as the sources of biohydrogen production. The availability and derivability of biomass could be categorised with respect to various generations based on their composition and hydrogen productivity. Eventhough, several technologies including photolysis, photo fermentation and dark fermentation are followed for potential biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomasses, a few practical difficulties are also being faced while application. Such limitations could be overcome by encountering integrative fermentation approaches along with metabolic engineering practices. However, the dark fermentative methods not only utilize organic wastes for the biohydrogen production but also significantly diminish the recalcitrant effects of the substrate for clean energy production. The present review implores on the analysis of metabolic reactions of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to unveil both microbiological and biotechnological aspects of hydrogen production. It also focuses on the possible technological approaches practised on various investigations to meet out the challenges confronted during biohydrogen production.