Port Site Infections after Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Tertiary Care Centre of Jharkhand: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease. However post-operative complications of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy could not be ignored. Port site infection is one of the most common complications after laparoscopic surgeries. Materials and Methods: 251 Patients of both sexes with age group 23 to 65 years having symptomatic gall stone disease were studied. A prospective observational study was performed in the Department of General Surgery of Tata Main Hospital in collaboration with Manipal Tata Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. The study was conducted from September 2022 to April 2023. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee and all relevant data were retrieved from hospital records. Routinely all the patients were given prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics Ceftriaxone 1g stat by intravenous infusion at the of induction of an anaesthesia. Post-operatively all patient received ceftriaxone 1gm twice daily for 24. Metronidazole 500 mg added thrice daily intravenous infusion for 72 hours in case of spillage of bile or stone or pus and those with acute cholecystitis. All data were collected in preformed format and statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean age of studied patients group ranging from 23 to 65 years are 41.6 years. Majority (220/251, 87.64%) of the patients were female. Majority of the patients were in the BMI range of 18.5-40kg/m2 (47%). Spillage of bile and gall Stones, umbilical port approach, high BMI and surgery in acute phase are associated with high incidence of port site infection; such incidence of biliary spillage was reported with 20(7.96%) cases. Port Site Infection (PSI) was occurred in 13 patients (11 females and 2 males), which constituted 5.17% of the study population. Out of these cases, 1(7.6%) case was deep seated and rests 2 were superficial infection. Conclusion: Special consideration should be taken in chronic deep surgical site. Infection like port site persistent sinus. Most of the PSIs are superficial which got cured with regular dressing and more common in females.