Biomass nanoarchitectonics using an agro waste extract for biological performance of samarium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

The use of trash from agricultural waste materials has been acknowledged as a feasible substitute for producing nanoparticles in an economical and sustainable manner. In the present study, an agro-waste Limonia acidissima shell extract was used in synthesizing pure and rare earth (Samarium) doped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, SAED, and UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis examine the crystal structure, surface morphology and size, and optical properties of the prepared nanomaterials. The surface defects and oxygen vacancies were examined from the photoluminescence spectrum (PL). The oxidation state of Zn (2p), O (1 s) and Sm (3 d) was confirmed from XPS studies. The antibacterial performance of pure and doped ZnO NPs was evaluated against two pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus oralis, by agar well diffusion method at different concentrations with amoxicillin as a positive control. Besides, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was calculated as 91.15