Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Adults in Neno District, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study Response

Haules Robbins Zaniku,1,2 Emilia Connolly,3–5 Moses Banda Aron,6,7 Beatrice Matanje,8 Myness Kasanda Ndambo,9 George Talama,10 Fabien Munyaneza,11 Todd Ruderman,8 Jamie Rylance,12,13 Luckson Dullie,14 Rejani Lalitha,15 Ndaziona Peter Kwanjo Banda,16,* Adamson S Muula17,* 1Department of Physiotherapy, Ministry of Health, Neno District Health Office, Lilongwe, Malawi; 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi; 3Department of Partnerships and Policy, Partners in Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Lilongwe, Malawi; 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; 5Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45529, USA; 6Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Partners in Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Lilongwe, Malawi; 7Snakebite Envenoming Department, Research Group Snakebite Envenoming, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; 8Clinical Department, Partners in Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Lilongwe, Malawi; 9Department of Health Systems and Policy, Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi; 10Programs Directorate, Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi; 11Research Department, Partners in Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Lilongwe, Malawi; 12Malawi–Liverpool–Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; 13Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; 14Global Leadership Ecosystem, Partners in Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Lilongwe, Malawi; 15Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; 16Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Oral Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi; 17Community and Environmental Health Department, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Haules Robbins Zaniku, Neno District Health Office, P.O. Box 52, Neno, Malawi, Tel +265-994-922-140, Email hrzanikuh@gmail.com