Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Illuminating the Potential in Biomedical Applications: a Brief Overview

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) find versatile applications in industries like cosmetics, paint, coatings, and rubber due to their low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and straightforward synthesis methods. ZnO-NPs also hold significant promise in biomedical research, particularly for their demonstrated anticancer and antimicrobial properties. ZnO-NPs have gained prominence in biomedical research, particularly in the realms of antimicrobial and anticancer applications. Their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis is central to these functions. Additionally, ZnO-NPs have proven effective as drug carriers, facilitating the targeted delivery of medications. This not only reduces undesirable toxicity and non-target effects but also enhances synergistic effects. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs exhibit excellent light-related properties, making them valuable candidates for various bioimaging applications. This unique characteristic positions them as promising tools in the field of biomedicine. In this paper, we provide an overview of the synthesis, development, and diverse applications of ZnO-NPs in the realm of biomedicine. This summary aims to foster further research and draw attention to various biomedical areas where ZnO-NPs have shown promise, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, bioimaging, and antidiabetic activities.