Esthesioneuroblastoma with Invasion of the Intracranial Space：A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification Compared with Surgical Findings

Abstract Background: Although many grading systems have been established in esthe-sioneuroblastoma (ENB), the criteria for judging whether intracranial space isinvaded have not been reported. Methods: The preoperative radiological images were reviewed. The degree ofthe offending intracranial cavity is divided into four grades based on the extentto which the tumor invades bilateral olfactory cisterns and brain tissues. Theintraoperative videos and records were reviewed to verify the grading system. Results: From June 2014 to August 2021, 114 consecutive patients in one singlecenter were included in this research. Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 were found respectivelyin 48, 18, 14, and 34 cases. All the imaging grading results were consistent withthe intraoperative findings. Conclusion: The olfactory cistern is a good basis to judge whether ENB hasinvaded intracranial space. This new grading system also helps to clarify theT-stage of ENB