The impact of pollinator decline on global protein production: Implications for livestock and plant-based products

The decline of insect pollinators is a growing concern for many reasons, one of which is the impact it may have on the production of protein. Insects play a crucial role in the pollination of many crops and wild plants, both of which may impact global protein production. Pollinatordependent leguminous crops such as soybean have an important role in meeting the protein requirements of the global population, whilst a number of pollinator-dependent fodder plants such as clover and alfalfa are widely fed to livestock. Thus, without pollinators, the availability of many plant-based products, as well as the production of protein derived from livestock, could be greatly affected. This represents an important and largely overlooked aspect of pollinator reliance which further emphasises the importance of conserving pollinator biodiversity and managing pollination services more effectively in both arable and livestock farming systems. Doing so will ensure the sustainable ongoing production of both plant and animal-based protein and contribute towards achieving sustainable food and nutrition security for populations around the world.