Development and Application of Nano-Optogenetic Probes

Optogenetic nanoprobes are an important technique in optogenetics, utilized to deliver precise light stimulation to neurons in organisms, aiding neuroscientists in investigating the working mechanisms of the brain. Optogenetic nanoprobes have the potential to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. To fulfill stimulation requirements such as stimulation intensity, stimulation range, stimulation patterns, and temporal and spatial resolution, researchers have developed probes capable of performing various optical functions. To fulfill functional requirements such as in-situ electrophysiological recording and delivery of chemical or biological molecules, scientists have developed multifunctional probes. In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional optoelectronic devices, as they are rigid and easy to cause severe damage to organisms, flexible optical neural probes have been invented. This type of probe causes minimal harm to the organism during implantation and maintains a consistent level of light illumination, ensuring a prolonged life span. This paper provides an overview and the prospects for different types and functions of optogenetic probes, as well as their flexible technologies.