Minimizing the Limitations in Improving Historical Aerial Photographs with Super-Resolution Technique

Compared to natural images in artificial datasets, it is more challenging to improve the spatial resolution of remote sensing optical image data using super-resolution techniques. Historical aerial images are primarily grayscale due to single-band acquisition, which further limits their recoverability. To avoid data limitations, it is advised to employ a data collection consisting of images with homogeneously distributed intensity values of land use/cover objects at various resolution values. Thus, two different datasets were created. In line with the proposed approach, images of bare land, farmland, residential areas, and forested regions were extracted from orthophotos of different years with different spatial resolutions. In addition, images with intensity values in a more limited range for the same categories were obtained from a single year's orthophoto to highlight the contribution of the suggested approach. Training of two different datasets was performed independently using a deep learning-based super-resolution model, and the same test images were enhanced individually with the weights of both models. The results were assessed using a variety of quality metrics in addition to visual interpretation. The findings indicate that the suggested dataset structure and content can enable the recovery of more details and effectively remove the smoothing effect. In addition, the trend of the metric values matches the visual perception results.