Precision pre-lithiated graphite anode for lithium-ion capacitors with exceptional high-temperature cycling stability

Pre-lithiation technology is essential for lithium-ion capacitors to have high voltage and cycle stability. In this work, we propose an in situ chemical pre-lithiation method, which can accurately control the depth of pre-lithiation in the graphite anode. After 1,000 charge/discharge cycles at a high temperature of 65 degrees C, the lithium-ion capacitor still has 85% discharge capacity. The anode using this pre-lithiation method was found to have a stable potential after cycling. The pre-lithiation of lithium ion capacitor anode graphite can be divided into 4 stages. Differentiating between the capacity and voltage of the pre-lithiation allows for the determination of the products generated at each stage. Thus, an optimal pre-lithiation potential can be found. The size is limited to 100 mm width and 30 mm height, or 48 mm square.