Safety and Potential Effect of Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Regenerative Cells in Patients With Implantation Failure: A Pilot Study

Background: Implantation failure due to thin endometrium has emerged as a major cause of infertility. In this study, we aimed to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs), a source of adipose-derived stem cells, in infertility patients with implantation failure. Methods: Five infertile women with implantation failure despite artificial reproductive technology were enrolled in this study and treated with ADRCs via the intrauterine route. The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse events. Additional outcomes were endometrial thickness after ADRC treatment and pregnancy success after embryo transfer. Results: There were no adverse events in any patient. There was no elevation of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, or D-dimer levels. There was a significant difference in endometrial thickness in the secretory phase before versus after intrauterine transplantation of ADRCs (3.8 +/- 1.3 mm versus 8.8 +/- 2.8 mm, respectively; p<0.05). A gestational sac and fetal heartbeat were detected on transvaginal ultrasound in two of five patients. Conclusion: Intrauterine infusion of autologous ADRCs is a simple and safe procedure that may ameliorate the endometrial microenvironment in infertile women with implantation failure.