Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drug Resistance

Antibacterial resistance is an escalating worldwide public health challenge with substantial ramifications for global well-being. It has emerged as a critical global health concern. As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) denotes the capacity of microorganisms to endure antimicrobial therapies. Resistance mechanisms involve a change in the target site, efflux pumps, PBP mutation, Porin modification, and enzymatic inhibition. Factors influencing antibacterial resistance encompass inappropriate antibiotic use and environmental and biological factors. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, coupled with the adaptive capabilities of bacteria, contribute to the emergence of resistant strains. This complex issue demands a multifaceted approach that includes responsible antibiotic use, the development of new therapeutic strategies, and enhanced surveillance measures.