Senning Procedure: Use of a 3D Printed, Silicone Moulded Model for Surgical Training

The atrial switch is a technically complex procedure that requires considerable judgement and appreciation of the 3-dimensional anatomy of the heart. It is now rarely performed other than as part of the double-switch procedures for congenitally corrected transposition (ccTGA). Silicone moulded models based on 3D printed hearts are the latest, and most realistic simulation models for practicing and training in congenital heart surgery – and the atrial switch is an ideal substrate since the procedure is difficult to teach and rarely performed. The Senning procedure has become the most widely used type of atrial switch as it is associated with the best long term outcomes and freedom from baffle obstructions or leaks.