Sustainable gambogic acid release via pH/Redox Dual-Responsive C60-Modified magnetic mesoporous nanospheres for antitumor therapy

Traditional cancer treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have seen significant advancements in the past. However, inherent drawbacks, including systemic toxicity and high recurrence rates. Consequently, The nanoparticles, with their targeting and multifunctionality, have captured significant attention. This work synthesizes HMNPs-C60-N-GQDs-SS-PEI (HMNPs:Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-C18) nanoparticles, integrating diverse functionalities for enhanced cancer therapy. The inclusion of SiO2 and C60 significantly improves the loading efficiency of gallic acid (GA). The magnetic properties of HMNPs enable efficient targeting to cancer sites under external magnetic fields. The -SS- linkage ensures drug release exclusively in tumor cells over-expressing glutathione (GSH), minimizing adverse effects on normal tissues. Introduction of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) imparts positive charge to facilitate accumulation on negatively charged tumor surfaces and enhances biocompatibility. Additionally, the fluorescence properties of N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) facilitate real-time monitoring of material distribution in vivo during mouse and clinical therapy. Furthermore, the nano-magnetic targeting material demonstrates efficient drug loading and precise control over drug release, addressing issues such as the poor biocompatibility and high biotoxicity associated with traditional materials. This study not only achieves effective tumor treatment but also offers a promising direction for developing efficient multifunctional nano-targeting materials.