The negative and positive impacts of Prosopis juliflora on the Kenyan and Ethiopian ecosystems: A review study

Invasive alien species pose a serious threat to the world’s ecosystems and livelihoods. This review aimed to investigate the negative and positive impacts of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC on ecosystems in Kenya and Ethiopia. The bibliographic analysis highlighted that Prosopis juliflora was introduced to Kenya and Ethiopia to tackle desertification, ensure the self-sufficiency of wood products, and conserve water and soil in semi-arid areas. Years later, this species has turned invasive; although the communities in infested areas have realized some benefits from this tree such as obtaining timber, charcoal, firewood, shelter, and livestock feed from its pods; the negative impacts of this tree have far outweighed the positives. Notably, this invasive plant has significantly impacted agricultural and livestock productivity by invading pasturelands and farmlands. For instance, the negative health implications for livestock significantly reduce their productivity. Similarly, this plant has reduced the diversity of the native trees, herbaceous, and grasses because of its ability to outcompete them. Control methods such as biological, mechanical, chemical, and control by utilization have been tried but none have so far been effective in controlling this invasive plant. Our results showed that Prosopis juliflora is a serious invader that has a huge potential to invade the arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya and Ethiopia. Therefore, stakeholders at all levels need to implement integrated management strategies to reduce the spread and the negative impacts of this species.