Topical Imiquimod Treatment of Residual or Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions (TOPIC-2): A Randomised Controlled Trial
BJOG(2024)
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of imiquimod in women with residual or recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (rrCIN), compared with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Design: Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Setting: One academic and one regional hospital in the Netherlands. Population: Thirty-five women with rrCIN were included in the study between May 2016 and May 2021. Methods: Women were randomised to receive treatment with 5% imiquimod cream (12.5 mg) intravaginally (three times a week for a duration of 16 weeks) or a LLETZ procedure (standard treatment). Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was reduction to normal cytology at 6 months after starting treatment. Secondary outcomes were clearance of high-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) in both groups and reduction to <= CIN1 in the imiquimod group. Side effects were monitored. Results: Treatment success was 33% (6/18) in the imiquimod group versus 100% (16/16) in the LLETZ group (P < 0.001), whereas HPV clearance was 22% (4/18) in the imiquimod group versus 88% (14/16) in the LLETZ group (P < 0.001). After the randomisation of 35 women, the futility of treatment with imiquimod was proven and the trial was prematurely finished. In the follow-up period, three patients remained without additional treatment, whereas all other patients underwent LLETZ, conisation or hysterectomy. In the LLETZ group none of the patients received additional treatment during 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: This is the first randomised controlled trial to show that topical imiquimod has a significantly lower success rate in terms of reduction to normal cytology and hr-HPV clearance, compared with LLETZ, in women with rrCIN. Additionally, imiquimod has numerous side effects and after using imiquimod most women with rrCIN still required additional surgical treatment.
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Key words
cervical dysplasia,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,efficacy,high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,human papillomavirus,imiquimod,large loop excision of the transformation zone,prevention of cervical cancer,quality of life,transformation zone
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