Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
arxiv(2024)
摘要
In this paper, we consider the effect of interactions on the local, average
polarization of a quantum plasma of massless fermion particles characterized by
vector, axial, and helical quantum numbers. Due to the helical and axial
vortical effects, perturbations in the vector charge in a rotating plasma can
lead to chiral and helical charge transfer along the direction of the vorticity
vector. At the same time, interactions between the plasma constituents lead to
the dissipation of the helical charge through helicity-violating pair
annihilation (HVPA) processes and of the axial charge through the axial
anomaly. We will discuss separately a QED-like plasma, in which we ignore
background electromagnetic fields and thus the axial charge is roughly
conserved, as well as a QCD-like plasma, where instanton effects lead to the
violation of the axial charge conservation, even in the absence of background
chromomagnetic fields. The non-conservation of helicity and chirality leads to
a gapping of the Helical, Axial and mixed, Axial-Helical vortical waves that
prevents their infrared modes from propagating. On the other hand, usual
dissipative effects, such as charge diffusion, lead to significant damping of
ultraviolet modes. We end this paper with a discussion of the regimes where
these vortical waves may propagate.
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