Techno-economic assessment of high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage system, insights from a study case in Burgwedel, Germany

High-temperature aquifer thermal storage (HT-ATES) is an effective method to mitigate the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and it is attracting industry attention as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels for heating and cooling. However, the uncertainty of exploration and long profit cycles impede the popularization of HT-ATES technology. In this paper, to optimize HT-ATES evaluation and make the results more convictive, we demonstrate a numerical study based on a real district and a proven aquifer. An integrated HT-ATES model includes the wellbore and aquifer is used to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer. Moreover, a dynamic economic assessment is demonstrated depending on the HT-ATES fluctuation performance. A 30-year HT-ATES cycling simulation shows that the wellbore and aquifer have had a continuous heating loss since the operation started. Working well and balancing the well lost 2.7% and 2.2% of total energy through the wellbore. The aquifer lost 4.1% of total energy due to heating transfer to overburden and other layers. HT-ATES could recover around 90% of stored total energy. The HT-ATES economic performance is affected by the heating store and production cycling, the benefit mainly comes from the heating production season. The initial investment and heat exchange efficiency between the HT-ATES & end-application system determines the levelized heat (LCOH) cost and payback time, the optimist case still needs 3 years to be profitable. HT-ATES have considerable green benefits, it could reduce local CO2 emissions 1937 t/year.