Quantitative nitrate leaching relationship models based on nitrogen fertilisation and the intervals between maize irrigations in the salt-affected soil

Nitrate leaching from soil is a major environmental issue in modern agriculture as it can contaminate groundwater and degrade soil quality. Both nitrogen fertilization practices and irrigation methods contribute greatly to increased nitrate leaching. Researchers have developed quantitative models to predict nitrate leaching based on these farming techniques. This article examines new literature focusing on such models, particularly regarding salty soils used for maize cultivation. The study investigated the effects of nitrogen application rates and irrigation intervals on soil and groundwater properties in clay soils in Egypt. Results showed that nitrogen fertilization and irrigation frequency significantly impacted the water table depth, groundwater salt content, soil moisture levels, soil nitrogen availability, and groundwater nitrate levels. Correlations were discovered between nitrogen application, irrigation schedules, and various soil and groundwater parameters. The research emphasizes managing nitrogen rates and irrigation timings to maximize soil moisture while minimizing nitrate leaching during maize production. Proper agricultural management techniques are needed to reduce groundwater nitrate pollution risks. The review contributes to more sustainable farming practices.