Structure engineering to enhance CO₂ electroreduction to CO on N-doped porous carbon flowers supported Fe₃O₄ nanoclusters

Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to value-added chemicals is a promising method for CO 2 utilization and reducing carbon emissions, but the current electrocatalysts have limited mass transfer and exposed active sites, resulting in low CO 2 reduction efficiency. Here N -doped porous carbon flowers supported Fe 3 O 4 nanoclusters (Fe 3 O 4 /NPCF) were designed for electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. The surface and crystal structures of electrocatalysts were regulated to enhance catalytic activity and mass transfer. As a result, Fe 3 O 4 /NPCF showed high selectivity for CO production. Its Faradaic efficiencies for CO production were 98.6 - 95.6% at 50 - 90 mA cm -2 in a H -type cell, which were significantly higher than NPCF supported other iron -based catalysts and N -doped mesoporous carbon supported Fe 3 O 4 nanoclusters. The superior performance of Fe 3 O 4 /NPCF for CO production was attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe 3 O 4 nanoclusters and NPCF, which significantly improved electrochemically active surface area, reduced diffusion layer thickness and *CO desorption energy.