The Effects of Physical Activity on Emotion Regulation and Executive Function: A Narrative Review

There is evidence that physical activity may support effective emotion regulation, however, this research has primarily been conducted in adults and older children, with limited consideration of effects in early childhood. To establish a nuanced understanding of the potential effects in the early childhood age group, and to pave the way for further experimental research, a narrative review was conducted. The review considers: (1) evidence relating to the relationship between physical activity and emotion regulation in different age groups; (2) the bidirectional relationship between executive function and emotion regulation; (3) the effects of physical activity on executive function; (4) the neurophysiological processes and effects of different physical activity types, durations, and intensities; and (5) the potential for play to enhance the positive effects of physical activity on emotion regulation in early childhood. The review highlights that while physical activity may offer a range of benefits in early childhood, further research is required to understand effects in this age group.