Effects of acicular ferrites on crystallography and incomplete transformation of low-carbon low-alloy steel

In this study, we investigated the effects of acicular ferrite (AF) on the crystallographic and incomplete transformation characteristics of low-carbon low-alloy steel. Intermediate annealing after austenitization induced a transformation yielding AFs, accelerating the isothermal transformation kinetics and regulating the microstructure. This process formed highly dense packet grain boundaries and improved the stability of untransformed austenite. AF formation increased the number of packet interfaces, increasing the crack propagation energy. The reduction and refinement of martensite/austenite (M/A) islands increased the crack nucleation energy. A displacive model was used to fit the transformation kinetics curve, indicating the significant effect of the nucleation rate on the isothermal transformation of the experimental steel at 450, 475, and 500 °C. The findings of this study indicate that nucleation regulation can accelerate transformation kinetics to strengthen and toughen bainitic structures.