44-Years of Fertilization Altered Soil Microbial Community Structure by Changing Soil Physical, Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activity

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, maintaining soil fertility, and carbon sequestration in soil. However, our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms and driving factors of microbial community structure in non-calcareous fluvo-aquic soil under different fertilization treatments remains limited. A field experiment was designed with winter wheat-summer maize rotation system started in 1978. Five treatments were selected: CK (no fertilizers); N (nitrogen); NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium); M (60,000 kg pig manure ha−1); MN (60,000 kg pig manure + 276 kg N ha−1). The results showed that N, NPK, M and MN treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by 22.7