Enhancing Overhead Throwing Ball Velocity after Core Muscle Training in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the influence of core muscle training (CMT) on throwing ball velocity among overhead throwing athletes. DESIGN:A literature search was performed from inception to July 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of CMT on overhead throwing ball velocity. The primary outcome was the change in standing throwing ball velocity. The secondary outcome focused on the enhancement of step/jump throwing ball velocity. RESULTS:Seven RCTs were included, revealing a significant improvement in standing throwing ball-velocity in the group undergoing CMT (Hedges' g = 0.701, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.339 to 1.063, p < 0.001). Longer treatment duration and a higher frequency of CMT sessions per week contributed to improved standing throwing ball velocity. However, CMT did not show significant benefits for step (Hedge's g = 0.463, 95% CI = -0.058 to 0.985, p = 0.082) and jump throwing ball-velocity (Hedges' g = 0.550, 95% CI = -0.051 to 1.152, p = 0.073). CONCLUSION:CMT significantly enhanced standing ball throwing velocity. However, its effect on step/jump-throwing ball velocity was less certain. Further research is needed to explore the impact of CMT (especially its long-term effects) on throwing ball velocity.