Construction of a ternary composite of S-doped GO, Cl-doped GO, and PANI for coin cell-type asymmetric supercapacitor

Within the scope of this study, triple composites consisting of chlorine-doped graphene oxide (Cl-GO)/sulfur-doped graphene oxide (S-GO)/polyaniline (PANI) in different ratios were produced to use as electrode materials of asymmetric type supercapacitors for the first time in the literature. Cl-GO and S-GO were produced by using chronoamperometric method in one step and room temperature. PANI was also prepared by using chemical synthesis route. Produced conductive polymer and heteroatom-doped graphene oxides were characterized by using of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. XPS and FT-IR analyses showed that heteroatom-doped graphene oxide was successfully synthesized. The FT-IR spectrum of PANI supported that polyaniline production was achieved. SEM images of all synthesized components show that the materials were successfully produced in accordance with the literature. Capacitive behavior of the produced supercapacitors was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The PANI/S-GO/Cl-GO-5 electrode reached to highest areal capacitance as 62.45 mF.cm−2 at 10 mV.s−1 scan rate. This triple composite has significant potential for industrial supercapacitor applications, thanks to its high pseudo-capacitive behavior. Also, capacitive behavior of this electrode was tested during 1000 cycles. Capacitance retention of the system was more than 100