The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). III. A Catalog of Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances and the Three-Dimensional Distribution of Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
The Astrophysical Journal(2024)
摘要
The surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) method is a robust and efficient way
of measuring distances to galaxies containing evolved stellar populations.
Although many recent applications of the method have used space-based imaging,
SBF remains a powerful technique for ground-based telescopes. Deep, wide-field
imaging surveys with subarsecond seeing enable SBF measurements for numerous
nearby galaxies. Using a preliminary calibration, Cantiello et al. (2018)
presented SBF distances for 89 bright, mainly early-type galaxies observed in
the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). Here, we present a refined
calibration and SBF distances for 278 galaxies extending several magnitudes
fainter than in previous work. The derived distances have uncertainties of
5-12% depending on the properties of the individual galaxies, and our sample
is more than three times larger than any previous SBF study of this region.
Virgo has a famously complex structure with numerous subclusters, clouds and
groups; we associate individual galaxies with the various substructures and map
their three-dimensional spatial distribution. Curiously, subcluster A, centered
around M87, appears to have two peaks in distance: the main peak at ∼16.5
Mpc and a smaller one at ∼19.4 Mpc. Subclusters B and C have distances of
∼15.8 Mpc. The W and W' groups form a filament-like structure, extending
more than 15 Mpc behind the cluster with a commensurate velocity increase of
∼1000 along its length. These measurements are a valuable resource
for future studies of the relationship between galaxy properties and local
environment within a dynamic and evolving region.
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关键词
Distance indicators,Galaxy distances,Distance measure,Virgo Cluster,Stellar populations,Population II stars
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