Simulation of radio signals from cosmic-ray cascades in air and ice as observed by in-ice Askaryan radio detectors
arxiv(2024)
摘要
A new generation of neutrino observatories, including RNO-G and RET, will
search for PeV-EeV neutrinos interacting in the ice by detecting radio pulses.
Extended air showers propagating into the ice will form an important background
and could be a valuable calibration signal. We present results from a
Monte-Carlo simulation framework developed to fully simulate radio emission
from cosmic-ray particle cascades as observed by in-ice radio detectors in the
polar regions. The framework involves a modified version of CoREAS (a module of
CORSIKA 7) to simulate in-air radio emission and a GEANT4-based framework for
simulating in-ice radio emission from cosmic-ray showers as observed by in-ice
antennas. The particles that reach the surface of the polar ice sheet at the
end of the CORSIKA 7 simulation are injected into the GEANT4-based shower
simulation code that takes the particles and propagates them further into the
ice sheet, using an exponential density profile for the ice. The framework
takes into account curved ray paths caused by the exponential refractive index
profiles of air and ice. We present the framework and discuss some key features
of the radio signal and radio shower footprint for in-ice observers.
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