Super-Eddington accretion in high-redshift black holes and the emergence of jetted AGN
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(2024)
摘要
In this work we study the co-evolution of central black holes (BHs) and host
galaxies by utilizing an advanced iteration of the DELPHI semi-analytical model
of galaxy formation and evolution. Based on dark matter halo merger trees
spanning the redshift range from z=20 to z=4, it now incorporates essential
components such as gas heating and cooling, cold and hot BH accretion, jet and
radiative AGN feedback. We show how different BH growth models impact quasar
and galaxy observables at z ≥ 5, providing predictions that will help
discriminate between super-Eddington and Eddington-limited accretion models:
despite being both consistent with observed properties of SMBHs and their host
galaxies at z ∼ 5-7, they become very clearly distinguishable at higher
redshift and in the intermediate mass regime. We find that the super-Eddington
model, unlike the Eddington-limited scenario, predicts a gap in the BH mass
function corresponding to the intermediate-mass range 10^4 M_⊙ <
M_bh < 10^6 M_⊙. Additionally, it predicts black holes
up to two orders of magnitude more massive for the same stellar mass at z=9.
The resulting velocity dispersion - BH mass relation at z ≥ 5 is
consistent with local measurements, suggesting that its slope and normalisation
are independent of redshift. Depending on the Eddington ratio, we also model
the emergence of AGN jets, predicting their duty cycle across as a function of
BH mass and their potential impact on the observed number density distribution
of high-redshift AGN in the hard X-ray band.
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