Relationship Between Diaphragm Thickness, Thickening Fraction, Dome Excursion, and Respiratory Pressures in Healthy Subjects: An Ultrasound Study

Diaphragm ultrasonography is used to identify causes of diaphragm dysfunction. However, its correlation with pulmonary function tests, including maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP), remains unclear. This study investigated this relationship by measuring diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction (TF), and excursion (DE) using ultrasonography, and their relationship to MIP and MEP. It also examined the influence of age, sex, height, and BMI on these measures. We recruited healthy Japanese volunteers and conducted pulmonary function tests and diaphragm ultrasonography in a seated position. Diaphragm ultrasonography was performed during quiet breathing (QB) and deep breathing (DB) to measure the diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE. A multivariate analysis was conducted, adjusting for age, sex, height, and BMI. Between March 2022 and January 2023, 109 individuals (56 males) were included from three facilities. The mean (standard deviation) MIP and MEP [cmH2O] were 72.2 (24.6) and 96.9 (35.8), respectively. Thickness [mm] at the end of expiration was 1.7 (0.4), TF [