Identifying elevated child weight from 3 to 24 months: Early transitions into nonparental care and to solid foods

Background: Early entry into nonparental care (NPC) and introduction to solid foods (ITS) have been linked to elevated weight, however, little research exists on the combined influence of these transitions on child weight over time. Objectives: Identify groups of children based on early NPC and ITS timing and examine whether NPC-ITS groups differentially affect child weight over time. Method: Data were drawn from STRONG Kids2 (n = 468). Primary predictors include NPC (by 3M)-ITS (< or >= dongle 6M) groups; outcome variables include child weight-for-length/height z-scores (WFL/WFHz) (3, 12, 18, and 24 months). Multilevel regression was used to examine the NPC-ITS groups as predictors of child WFL/WFHz. Results: Six groups were identified: 27% Parental Care-ITS before 6M, 31% Parental Care-ITS after 6M, 12% Daycare-ITS before 6M, 14% Daycare-ITS after 6M, 10% Kincare-ITS before 6M, and 7% Kincare-ITS after 6M. Children who were in daycare (regardless of ITS) or kincare-ITS before 6M demonstrated the highest WFL/WFHz over time, compared to their parental care counterparts. Conclusions: NPC-ITS combinations on child WFL/WFHz across the first 2 years of life highlight the need for a partnership approach among parental and nonparental caregivers to support the feeding of infants throughout the transition to solid foods.