Comparative analysis of electrical conductivity of groundwater from Hand-dug wells and Boreholes in Bida, Nigeria

Abstract The human body is composed of three-quarters of water, emphasizing the significant influence of water quality on our health. Consequently, it is essential to assess water quality in each lithologically distinct region. This research aimed to assess the Electrical Conductivity (σ) of water from Hand-dug Wells and Boreholes in Bida. A total of 40 samples, 20 from each source, were collected from key locations within Bida town. Analysis of the samples was performed using the Jenway DDS-307 conductivity meter, a versatile digital device adaptable to temperature changes through a probe. The mean values for Hand-dug Wells ranged from (260.00 ± 8.02) - (1335.67 ± 40.60) μS.cm−1. Borehole mean σ values varied from (33.53±0.67) - (1485.33±7.37) μS.cm−1. Among the 40 sampled Wells, nine (9) exceeded the benchmark, while six (6) approached the benchmark of 1000 μS.cm−1 specified by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Consequently, in terms of σ as a drinking water standard, this study recommends that 15 sources (both Hand-dug and Boreholes) are unsuitable for drinking but may be utilized for other purposes. The study also suggests further investigation of physico-chemical parameters and radionuclide concentration of groundwater in Bida town.