Progress on the Methods for Preparation of Fish Protein Concentrate from Underutilized Fish Residue: A Short Review

Due to higher cost and existence of various allergens in plant, low-cost proteins derived from animal sources are becoming more attractive to consumers. Currently, there are several methods used for the preparation of fish protein concentrate from underutilized sources. This review elaborates the progress of methods used for the preparation of fish protein concentrate (FPC) from underutilized fish residue. Basically, FPC manufacturing processes involve either the dissolution and precipitation of soluble protein fractions or segregation of undesirable components, namely lipids, water and carbohydrates. The combination of physical and chemical methods has been developed with low investment and operational cost to obtain high product yield and high-quality FPC. In addition, the demand for environmentally friendly process has also encouraged the use of effective and generally regarded as safe solvents. As a conclusion, the preferred FPC preparation method should facilitate the use of green solvents, low investment, energy and operational cost, and the achievement of a high FPC yield with premium product quality.