Biocompatible Metal-Free Perovskite Membranes for Wearable X-ray Detectors

Halide perovskites are emerging as promising materials for X-ray detection owing to their compatibility with flexible fabrication, cost-effective solution processing, and exceptional carrier transport behaviors. However, the challenge of removing lead from high-performing perovskites, crucial for wearable electronics, while retaining their superior performance, persists. Here, we present for the first time a highly sensitive and robust flexible X-ray detector utilizing a biocompatible, metal-free perovskite, MDABCO-NH4I3 (MDABCO = methyl-N '-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium). This wearable X-ray detector, based on a MDABCO-NH4I3 thick membrane, exhibits remarkable properties including a large resistivity of 1.13 x 10(11) Omega cm, a high mobility-lifetime product (mu-tau) of 1.64 x 10(-4) cm(2) V-1, and spin Seebeck effect coefficient of 1.9 nV K-1. We achieve a high sensitivity of 6521.6 +/- 700 mu C Gy(air)(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 77 nGy(air) s(-1), ranking among the highest for biocompatible X-ray detectors. Additionally, the device exhibits effective X-ray imaging at a low dose rate of 1.87 mu Gy(air) s(-1), which is approximately one-third of the dose rate used in regular medical diagnostics. Crucially, both the MDABCO-NH4I3 thick membrane and the device showcase excellent mechanical robustness. These attributes render the flexible MDABCO-NH4I3 thick membranes highly competitive for next-generation, high-performance, wearable X-ray detection applications.