Gastroenterology

Abstract This chapter explores gastroenterology, including healthy eating, the mouth, endoscopy and biopsy, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), upper gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhoea, constipation, ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease, gastrointestinal malabsorption, Coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic pancreatitis, carcinoma of the pancreas, jaundice, liver failure, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, alcohol misuse, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Wilson’s disease/hepatolenticular degeneration, liver tumours, hereditary haemochromatosis (HH), and a1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency.