Multiple Genomic Landscapes of Recombination and Genomic Divergence in Wild Populations of House Mice-The Role of Chromosomal Fusions and Prdm9

Chromosomal fusions represent one of the most common types of chromosomal rearrangements found in nature. Yet, their role in shaping the genomic landscape of recombination and hence genome evolution remains largely unexplored. Here, we take advantage of wild mice populations with chromosomal fusions to evaluate the effect of this type of structural variant on genomic landscapes of recombination and divergence. To this aim, we combined cytological analysis of meiotic crossovers in primary spermatocytes with inferred analysis of recombination rates based on linkage disequilibrium using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results suggest the presence of a combined effect of Robertsonian fusions and Prdm9 allelic background, a gene involved in the formation of meiotic double strand breaks and postzygotic reproductive isolation, in reshaping genomic landscapes of recombination. We detected a chromosomal redistribution of meiotic recombination toward telomeric regions in metacentric chromosomes in mice with Robertsonian fusions when compared to nonfused mice. This repatterning was accompanied by increased levels of crossover interference and reduced levels of estimated recombination rates between populations, together with high levels of genomic divergence. Interestingly, we detected that Prdm9 allelic background was a major determinant of recombination rates at the population level, whereas Robertsonian fusions showed limited effects, restricted to centromeric regions of fused chromosomes. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the effect of Robertsonian fusions and Prdm9 background on meiotic recombination.