Intercomparison exercise on Monte Carlo simulations of electron spectra and energy depositions by a single gold nanoparticle under X-ray irradiation
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Computational approaches, such as Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport
simulations, are used to estimate the dosimetric effects of GNPs, where results
differing by orders of magnitudes have been reported by different
investigators. This has motivated an intercomparison exercise, which was
conducted as a joint activity of EURADOS Working Groups 6 "Computational
Dosimetry" and 7 "Internal Dosimetry". The aim of this exercise was to
determine the extent of such discrepancies between the results obtained by
different researchers and different codes in a very simple simulation setup.
Several individual EURADOS associate members and two code developer groups
from outside Europe participated in this exercise applying seven different MC
codes to perform the simulations of a simple defined geometry set-up of one
single GNP irradiated in water by kilo-voltage X-rays. Two GNP diameters of 50
nm and 100 nm of were considered and two photon spectra as generated by X-ray
tubes operated at 50 kV and 100 kV peak voltages. The geometry set-up and X-ray
spectra were provided by the EURADOS task group. The participants were asked to
determine for each combination of GNP size and X-ray spectrum the dose
enhancement ratio (DER) of 10 nm-thick water shells up to 1000 nm and 1
μm-thick water shells up to 50 μm around the GNP. Furthermore, the
electron spectra emitted from the GNP and the energy depositions in water
shells around it were also to be reported.
This EURADOS report summarizes the motivation and background for the
exercise, the tasks to be solved, the codes used, the results reported by the
participants, the consistency checks applied in their evaluation and a best
estimates and uncertainty bands derived from the final results for the energy
spectra of emitted electrons and the energy imparted in the vicinity of the
GNP.
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