Effect of Flow Rate Control Modes on a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Based on a Numerical Model

This paper studies the effect of flow rate control modes on VRB performance based on a validated numerical model. Four modes were put forward, i.e., constant flow rate, variable flow rate with equal anolyte and catholyte (Variable modes I and III) and variable flow rate with unequal anolyte and catholyte (Variable mode II). Under the optimal condition (80 mA/cm2 current and 85