The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and the enigma of Alzheimer disease sex differences
Nature Reviews Endocrinology(2024)
Abstract
lzheimer disease has a sex bias: women are twice as likely as men to be affected. Studies have linked elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to worsened Alzheimer disease pathology and cognitive decline in mice. Exploring the interaction of FSH with APOE4 has uncovered new aspects of Alzheimer disease. The therapeutic potential of FSH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone have also been highlighted.
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