Enhancing Performance in P3HT:ICBA Organic Photovoltaics through IR Photon Harvesting with DIBSq Squaraine Dye

In this study, we analyze binary and ternary bulk heterojunction organic solar cells utilizing P3HT:ICBA and P3HT:ICBA:DIBSq blends. We investigate optical and electrical properties for different 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DIBSq) ratios, along with introducing a 140 °C annealing protocol. A comprehensive comparison of optical, electrical, and morphological aspects is conducted between annealed and non-annealed devices. UV-vis measurements unveil expanded near-infrared absorption due to DIBSq. Current–voltage characteristics and external quantum efficiency measurements reveal enhanced performance with increasing DIBSq ratios. Ternary devices achieve 3.96