Effect of palatine tonsil tumor resection on postoperative velopharyngeal insufficiency in transoral surgery

Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a known complication of transoral surgery (TOS) for oropharyngeal HPV-mediated squamous cell carcinoma. Controversy exists regarding adequate resection margins for balancing functional and oncologic outcomes. Methods This retrospective study was exempted by the IRB. Patients who underwent TOS from January 2017 to October 2022 were included. Patient characteristics, treatment details, and oncologic and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results Fifty-five patients were included. Mean and median follow-up was 34 months. 98% of patients were AJCC stage I/II. Recurrence-free survival was 96% with no local recurrences. Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between VPI and pT stage (p = 0.035), medial pterygoid resection (p = 0.049), and palatal attachment sacrifice (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed sacrifice of the palatal attachments remained a significant risk for VPI (p = 0.009). Conclusion Loss of soft palate pharyngeal attachments is an independent risk factor for VPI. When oncologically appropriate, the palatal attachments to the pharynx may be preserved.