Heterogeneous co-supplies of phosphorus, sulfur and carbon enhance phosphorus availability by improving rhizosphere processes in a calcareous soil
Plant and Soil(2024)
摘要
Phosphorus (P) availability in calcareous soils is limited. Acidifying the soil by adding sulfur (S) or enhancing microbial activity by adding carbon (C) can increase P bioavailability. However, understanding of the impact of the combined application of P, S and C on P availability in calcareous soils is lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of heterogeneous (co-localized) supply of different combinations of P, S and C on the maize (Zea mays L.) shoot and root growth and soil P availability in calcareous soil with low available P. A rhizo-box experiment with heterogeneous supply of P, S and C was conducted to assess the responses of maize growth, root morphology and physiology, as well as soil P availability. Heterogeneous low P (P1) with S supply significantly increased shoot and root biomass, shoot P content and P-use efficiency (PUE) compared to homogenous or heterogeneous P1 supply alone. Application of S decreased the rhizosphere soil pH and stimulated the proliferation of maize roots. By contrast, heterogeneous P1 and C supply did not change shoot biomass, P uptake or PUE but decreased root biomass. The addition of C, however, enhanced acid phosphatase activity and carboxylates concentration in the rhizosphere, and increased NaHCO3-extractable P, implying enhanced P availability. Adding S combined with P is an effective approach to engineer the rhizosphere by increasing maize growth and PUE in calcareous soil, whereas adding C increased NaHCO3-extractable soil P but did not influence maize shoot growth.
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关键词
P-use efficiency,Rhizosphere processes,Nutrient patches,Root length,Root exudation
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