Increasing the scan-efficiency of pulmonary imaging at 0.55 T using iterative concomitant field and motion-corrected reconstruction.

PURPOSE:To develop an iterative concomitant field and motion corrected (iCoMoCo) reconstruction for isotropic high-resolution UTE pulmonary imaging at 0.55 T. METHODS:A free-breathing golden-angle stack-of-spirals UTE sequence was used to acquire data for 8 min with prototype and commercial 0.55 T MRI scanners. The data was binned into 12 respiratory phases based on superior-inferior navigator readouts. The previously published iterative motion corrected (iMoCo) reconstruction was extended to include concomitant field correction directly in the cost function. The reconstruction was implemented within the Gadgetron framework for inline reconstruction. Data were retrospectively reconstructed to simulate scan times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 min. Image quality was assessed using apparent SNR and image sharpness. The technique was evaluated in healthy volunteers and patients with known lung pathology including coronavirus disease 2019 infection, chronic granulomatous disease, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and lung nodules. RESULTS:The technique provided diagnostic-quality images, and image quality was maintained with a slight loss in SNR for simulated scan times down to 4 min. Parenchymal apparent SNR was 4.33 ± 0.57, 5.96 ± 0.65, 7.36 ± 0.64, and 7.87 ± 0.65 using iCoMoCo with scan times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 min, respectively. Image sharpness at the diaphragm was comparable between iCoMoCo and reference images. Concomitant field corrections visibly improved the sharpness of anatomical structures away from the isocenter. Inline image reconstruction and artifact correction were achieved in <5 min. CONCLUSION:The proposed iCoMoCo pulmonary imaging technique can generate diagnostic quality images with 1.75 mm isotropic resolution in less than 5 min using a 6-min acquisition, on a 0.55 T scanner.