A review on synthesis, challenges as well as future prospects of graphene quantum dot (GQD)

Specific characteristics of dimensionally constrained nanoparticles are used effectively to enhance a wide range of applications. Engineers can exploit the phenomenon and associated band gap to open its applications by incorporating optoelectrical features in different fields. When it comes to materials, carbonaceous nanomaterials like graphene have recently received a lot of interest among researchers. The class of carbonaceous materials is particularly interesting because of their distinctive mechanical, chemical, optical and electrical properties. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are the newest form of carbonaceous non-materials. GQDs may be modified and improved by changing the graphene layer count, doping and functional attachments creating composites or using groups. Apart from the band structure, GQDs have a variety of other advantageous functional characteristics for different applications. Tuneable fluorescence, high quantum efficiency / quantum confinement, increased chemical stability, edge effects, biocompatibility, low toxicity, photostability and water solubility are a few characteristics of GQDs which are desirable for various applications.