Novel Single Loop Load Frequency Controller for Isolated Microgrid Via Geometric Mean Optimization

In rapidly expanding isolated microgrids (IMGs), load frequency control (LFC) should ensure optimal power quality for end users. In particular, renewable energy sources (RES) require robust and intelligently designed LFC systems for their stochastic nature. This study presents a novel single-loop controller that combines a fractional order-proportional beside a tilt integral derivative with fractional order (FPTID) to improve the LFC of multi-source IMGs. Diesel generators, fuel cells, battery storage devices, and RES (solar and wind power generation) are included in the evaluated IMG. Recent geometric mean optimization adjusts FPTID controller parameters. Extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations reveal that the FPTID controller outperforms numerous previously published controllers regarding the minimum error criteria, undershoots/overshoots/settling times, and frequency deviation in response to load and RES variations.