Stable formulation of dermal fillers based on carboxymethylcellulose, hyaluronic acid, and keratin: An advanced to reduce signs of aging

Facial fillers play a crucial role in reducing wrinkles and fine lines, restoring lost facial volume due to aging, and providing immediate rejuvenating results with minimal discomfort compared to invasive surgical procedures. In this context, a proposed gel, comprised of 4% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC4), 20 mg/ml of hyaluronic acid (HA), and 5 mg/ml of keratin (K), denoted as (CMC4+HA+K5), demonstrates outstanding rheological parameters: a storage modulus (G ' ) of 463 Pa, a loss modulus (G " ) of 290 Pa, and a complex viscosity of 117 Pass. In essence, it provides skin support and firmness without excessive rigidity, adapting to natural facial movements. The gel swells by 95.87%, retains water for skin hydration and elasticity, and its controlled swelling is advantageous. Safety is confirmed through potential toxicity studies. This gel resists degradation when exposed to ROS, ensuring an extended useful life as a potential facial filler. It offers a compelling alternative, rivaling commercial fillers without the need for hyaluronic acid cross-linking.